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WCAG 2.1 Criteria Documentation

2.3.1 Three Flashes or Below Threshold

High-Level Description

Content must not flash more than three times per second unless below threshold values.

Detailed Description

What this means

  • Content that contains flashing content such as videos or animations flash no more than 3 times per second. Content should avoid flashing content entirely or the flashes should be below the threshold levels.
  • Flashing content can distract, cause seizures, or sensory overloads for some users.

Indicators of Non-Compliance:

  • Animations or videos that flash rapidly (more than three flashes per second).
  • Red or high-contrast flashes that exceed threshold levels.

Real-World Examples

ScenarioNon-CompliantCompliant
A VideoA video that has scenes that contains flashing content and the content flashes more than 3 times a secondA video that contains non flashing content or is below the threshold of 3 times a second
An AlertThere is an alert that pops up that constantly blinksAn alert that pops up and does not blink, or if it is blinking, it stops after a short period of time or there is a mechanism to stop the blinking
An animated logo or animated imageA logo or an animated image such as a GIF that blinks/flashesThe logo or animated image doesn't flash/blink at all. If they do flash/blink, it is for a short period of time, or there is a mechanism to stop it from flashing/blinking

Disability Impact

Disability GroupWith Excessive FlashingWith Non-Flashing Content
Photosensitive disorders such as photosensitive epilepsyFlashing content can trigger seizuresUsers can safely access content and media without risk of triggering seizures
Neurological or cognitive disabilityFlashing content can cause sensory overload and or disorientationUsers are less likely to become disorientated or burdened by sensory overload when browsing a website

Supporting Documentation

Remediation Strategies

    Make sure all media and website content contains no flashing or if there is flashing, it is below the threshold levels

    Use your video editing software to check the thresholds of all video content are below the threshold of less than 3 flashes per second

    Use Software like PEAT to check your content to make sure it meets the threshold